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Aboriginal occupation of the Grampians dates back beyond 5000 years and the area contains the majority of Aboriginal rock art sites in south-east Australia.
NSW Surveyor-General Sir Thomas Mitchell named the ranges after mountains in his native Scotland in 1836. As European settlement spread, the Grampians became and remain, due to schemes like the Wimmera water supply system, a vital source of water for farming and domestic purposes in a large part of north-western Victoria. The Grampian's rich and diverse post settlement history also included timber production for mines and farms, gold mining and quarrying, of which the Heatherley Quarry is a good example.